Minnesota probate cases come in a few types. You’ll see them on every filing.
Informal probate
The most common type. An applicant files with the probate registrar, there is no hearing, and the personal representative is appointed on paper. It works when the will (if any) is clear and nobody objects. Informal cases usually move fastest.
Formal unsupervised probate
A petition is heard by a judge, often because the will’s validity, the heirs or the right person to serve needs a court ruling. After appointment, the personal representative generally administers the estate without ongoing court supervision, much like an informal case.
Formal supervised probate
The court oversees administration closely, and significant actions can need court approval. These cases tend to take longer, and a sale may need the court’s sign-off.
Decree of descent
Used when someone died more than three years ago and no probate was opened. The court determines who inherited the property so title can be cleared. These cases often surface long-held homes still titled to someone who died years ago. See our decree of descent guide.
What it means for you
- Informal and formal unsupervised: the personal representative can usually sell without a separate court order.
- Supervised: expect more steps and a longer timeline.
- Decree of descent: the heirs, not a personal representative, usually decide what happens next.
Every filing in North Star Probate shows its type, so you can sort and plan around it.